SPC Flooring: Advanced Guide – Raw Materials

 

Although different manufacturers use roughly the same raw materials to produce SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) flooring, there are significant differences in material purity, formulation ratios, and choice of additives, which in turn affect the overall performance and lifespan of the flooring.

 

Overview of Raw Materials and Their Primary Functions

Raw Material	Primary Function	Typical Ratio
PVC Resin	Binds layers together; provides toughness and chemical resistance	Core layer: approx. 20–30%
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)	Adds rigidity and dimensional stability	Core layer: approx. 60–70%
Stabilizers (Ca-Zn type)	Prevents PVC degradation; improves heat resistance and aging resistance	Less than 5%
Plasticizers (DINP/DOP)	Enhances flexibility; improves impact absorption	Adjusted per formulation
Foaming or Anti-Tear Additives	Modifies density; boosts bending and impact strength	Trace amounts
UV/Wear Layer Resin	Strengthens surface scratch resistance and UV protection	Wear layer thickness: 0.3–0.7 mm

Each raw material must undergo precise mixing and extrusion processes to ensure the homogeneity and consistent performance of the finished flooring product.

 

Impact of Raw Material Quality on SPC Flooring Performance

• High-Purity PVC Resin
  Using 100% virgin PVC ensures low VOC emissions and strong chemical stability, significantly reducing the risk of toxic gas release during combustion
• Calcium Carbonate Particle Size
  Micron-grade, high-purity CaCO₃ enhances the density and compressive strength of the core layer. In contrast, low-quality coarse particles can lead to structural defects and stress concentration.
• Choice of Stabilizers
  Calcium-zinc stabilizers are more environmentally friendly and free from heavy metals. Using inappropriate metal stabilizers may cause premature aging and yellowing of the flooring
• Type of Plasticizer
  High-quality, eco-friendly plasticizers like DINP are safe for human health. Lower-grade materials may use DOP, which can release phthalates over time and negatively impact indoor air quality.
• Additive Formulation
  A well-balanced mix of foaming agents and auxiliary additives ensures both rigidity and flexibility. Poor formulations may result in brittle boards or bubbling issues.

 

Material Component	High-End SPC Flooring	Low-End SPC Flooring
PVC Resin	Uses SG-5 ethylene-based PVC; high strength and excellent environmental performance	Uses recycled PVC, which may contain impurities and harmful substances
Calcium Carbonate Powder	Fineness reaches 400–800 mesh; improves density and dimensional stability	Coarse CaCO₃ particles; negatively affects processing and product strength
Lubricants	Precisely balanced ratio of PE wax and internal/external lubricants for stable processing	Imbalanced lubricant ratio; may cause brittleness or shrinkage in the final product
Processing Aids	Includes ACR additives to enhance plasticization and melt strength	Insufficient additives; incomplete plasticization affects locking system and durability
Anti-Shrink Agents	Compresses gaps between PVC particles to reduce thermal expansion and contraction	No anti-shrink treatment; prone to deformation
Underlayment Material	Uses high-density IXPE/IXPP for superior sound insulation and comfort	Uses low-density foam or no underlayment; poor foot feel and weak sound insulation

 

Performance Differences & Potential Drawbacks of SPC Flooring by Material Grade

Material Quality Grade	Typical Characteristics	Possible Advantages	Potential Drawbacks
High-End Materials	Low VOC emissions, dense core, wear-resistant, waterproof, stain-resistant	Long-term stability, smooth surface, impact-resistant	Higher cost
Mid-Range Materials	Stable quality, moderate wear resistance, average waterproofing	Good value for money, suitable for most home environments	Gradual yellowing over time, requires precise leveling during installation
Low-End Materials	High impurity content, coarse particles, poor aging resistance	Very low price	Prone to warping, increased gaps, mold growth, high VOC emissions

 

Conclusion & Buying Recommendation

Usage Scenario	Recommended Flooring Type
High-traffic commercial spaces	High-end SPC flooring
Premium residential homes	High-end SPC flooring
Rental properties or short-term use	Low-end SPC flooring (with caution)
Budget-constrained environments	Low-end SPC flooring (quality matters)

 

Although high-end SPC flooring is more expensive, it excels in durability, environmental friendliness, comfort, and aesthetics—making it ideal for long-term use and premium spaces. In contrast, low-end SPC flooring may be suitable for budget-conscious or short-term users, but attention should be paid to potential quality and health risks.

When selecting SPC flooring, consumers are advised to consider not just the price, but also the raw material composition, certification standards, and actual usage needs to ensure the flooring’s safety and durability.